Three so-called manuals of government administration, all written between 1726 and 1731, are the main source for the study of the structure of the royal court and central government of Safavid Iran. The “Tadhkerat al-Moluk,” published in 1943, has...

Despite the fact that the Netherlands had a long relationship with Safavid, Afsharid and Zand Persia, few original Persian documents have remained from that period. Thousands of documents must have been exchanged between the Persian government and the...

The Safavid empire was one of the major political and social formations in the early modern world, but has attracted relatively little attention from historians, although this is changing. As a result, the study of Safavid institutions has long been...

This study discusses the nature, importance, and development of textile imports into Qajar Iran; the main exporting countries; the changes that occurred in the size and composition of those imports over time; and the kinds of textiles that were imported...

This study shows that there was a shift in political and military power in the Safavid state, for which the basis was laid in the mid-16th century. The shift itself was formalized after 1590 through the reforms initiated by `Abbas I. The changes took three...

Description This book discusses the problems faced by a technologically disadvantaged country such as Iran (Persia) of the 19th century, when it had to compete in the world market dominated primarily by European manufacturers. In this volume the dynamics of...

Although in the last few years the study of painting in 19th century Iran has made considerable progress it would seem that art historians find it difficult to go beyond oil paintings, lacquer, and enamel. In this study it is shown that wall paintings were...